An interpreters handbook seismic amplitudes yield key information on lithology and fluid fill, enabling interpretation of reservoir quality and likelihood of. Seismic interpretation is fundamentally based on interpreting changes in amplitude. The book was written by and for seismic interpreters who have experience in academia and the petroleum industry. The last part examines the numerous amplitude attributes that can be extracted from seismic data to quantify an interpretation. The fundamental seismic data type is amplitude data, but seismic attributes can reveal characteristics, which are not easily seen in amplitude data themselves. The phase of the wavelet contained in any seismic data set can vary laterally and vertically temporally and is estimated most accurately by determin istic methods using well control.
Pdf seismic amplitude calibration for quantitative. Study the seismic response and the lateral extent of the miocene channels and oligocene muddiapirs. Quantitative seismic interpretation based on prestack seismic data, such as amplitude variation with offset avo analysis, allowing the extraction of geological features with greater accuracy. Seismic attribute, reservoir characterization, thickness and porosity introduction seismic attributes have been increasingly used in both. This is concerned with study of wave shape, polarity, continuity, dip, frequency, phase, and amplitude.
Seismic data interpretation 102 opacity cube showing massive buildup and slope facies offbuildups. A case history illustrates the rockproperty calibrations that are needed. Maximum positive amplitude is referred to peak and maximum negative amplitude is referred to trough. Seismic interpretation an overview sciencedirect topics. In practice, most interpreters use instantaneous amplitude, or some variation of an amplitude attribute, as their primary diagnostic tool. In the absence of well control, you can 18 first steps in seismic interpretation downloaded 052914 to 129.
The changing amplitude values that define the seismic trace are typically. Application of relations between seismic amplitude, velocity. Pdf seismic data interpretation and evaluation for. The value of amplitude is equal to the value of seismic trace at specific depth. For example, the contact between sand with water saturation and sand with certain gas saturation gives a high rc that produces an amplitude anomaly in the seismic trace. In seismic interpretation, the reflection coefficient rc of two different rocks depends on the difference between their seismic impedance and this depends mostly on the pwave velocity in the rock. In this display, blue peaks represent a downwards increase in acoustic impedance. Use vertical and horizontal sections and horizon slices. Download now this is the first book of its kind on seismic amplitude inversion in the context of reflection tomography. Also, the impedance contrast between reservoir sand and shale relates directly to the seismic amplitudes. Theoretical background for seismic amplitude interpretation, necessary in recently developed avo amplitudeversusoffset method has been already established at the beginning of the last century.
The changing amplitude values that define the seismic trace are typically explained using the convolutional model. These rules of thumb help select the best seismic attribute for calibrating amplitude to rock properties in different areas. This model states that trace amplitudes have three controlling factors. Seismic amplitude interpretation, distinguished instructor short course fred j. Seismicamplitude an interpreters handbook the oil and gas industries now routinely use seismic amplitudes in exploration and production as they yield key information on lithology and fluid fill, enabling interpretation of reservoir quality and likelihood of hydrocarbon presence. All instantaneous seismic attributes amplitude, phase, frequency can be used in interpretation. The vertical resolution is referred tuning thickness that is distance of 2 pieces in a vertical objects which can be distinguished by seismic waves. Seismic amplitude interpretation distinguished instructor series. Examples of seismic attributes can include measured time, amplitude, frequency and attenuation, in addition to. Amplitude versus offset avo analysis of prestack seismic data is a potentially powerful tool for hydrocarbon reservoir characterization. Seismic amplitude is an invaluable daytoday tool for graduate students and industry professionals in geology, geophysics, petrophysics, reservoir engineering, and all subsurface disciplines making regular use of seismic data. Click download or read online button to get seismic amplitude book now. Characterization of a shalegas reservoir based on a seismic amplitude variation with offset inversion for transverse isotropy with vertical axis of symmetry media and quantitative seismic interpretation. Linear approximation of zoeppritzs equation 312 rockproperty model 3 analysis of bortfelds equations 3 avo relationship to rock moduli 314 linear approximations of zoeppritzs equation 315 shueys angle dependence 316.
Quantitative seismic interpretation download ebook pdf. Seismic attributes and their applications in seismic. This accessible, authoritative book provides a complete framework for seismic amplitude interpretation and analysis, guiding the interpreter through techniques with practical observations and helping to evaluate interpretation confidence independent of any commercial software products. Use different tools for visualization of your interpretation geocube. Estimation of seismic quality factor in the timefrequency domain using variational mode decomposition. The aim of the monograph is to advocate the use of rayamplitude data, separately or jointly with traveltime data, in reflection seismic tomography. The basic issue in seismic reflection interpretation is. Amplitude tells us about stratigraphic bodies, fluid content, and. Pitfalls in the study of seismic amplitude interpretation. This book offers a presentation of the practical aspects of reflection seismic interpretation, written by a working explorationist for explorationists. Application of relations between seismic amplitude.
Amplitude interpretation is then very effective in reducing risk when selecting exploration and production drilling locations. Seismic amplitude interpretation solidsolid interfaces small velocity contrasts 311 3d. Jun 09, 2015 seismic data interpretation 101 amplitude horizon slice of pay2 reflector extracted from pstm reflection strength volume, with overlay of time structure. Seismic amplitude interpretation has come a long way since the early attempts at bright spot analysis in the gulf of mexico. The third and final stage of the hierarchy of seismic interpretation is seismic attribute analysis taner and sheriff, 1977. This is arguably one of the most helpful handbooks on seismic amplitude interpretation published to date.
Seismic attribute analysis provides information related to structure, stratigraphy, and reservoir properties. Seismic amplitude interpretation geoscienceworld books. Amplitude is the key to all seismic interpretation objectives other than structure. However, seismic amplitudes analysis in at least qualitative lithology determinations, were.
Pdf 5 popular pitfalls in seismic amplitude interpretation. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. The measured time is known as the two way time twt. Figure 3 shows how curvature can help detect the edges and thalweg of fluvial channels. In seismic interpretation of fluvial channels, the thalweg of the channel is defined by the mostnegative curvature, whereas the edges of a channel are defined by the mostpositive curvature. Seismic amplitude changes may tell us something about reservoir lithology, porosity, andor fluids. Seismic amplitude download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. Seismic amplitude interpretation 2001 segeage distinguished instructor short course by fred hilterman.
Seismic impedance as any geophysical method, seismic reflection imaging is sensitive to only a specific physical property of the rock this property is called acoustic impedance. Pdf significant progress has been made over many decades in improving seismic data quality. The only limitations in constructing these maps are the imagination and skill of the interpreter. From the seismic attribute studies and well log analysis the estimated thickness of the reservoir zone is about 12. Anomaly is grouped into sectors i and ii with gap green polygon at wella. Seismic amplitude interpretation society of exploration. Geo expro a simple guide to seismic amplitudes and detuning. Seismic amplitude interpretation, distinguished instructor. Seismic attributes have been used for many years to delineate faults and stratigraphic features that are difficult to map using standard amplitude seismic data 2.
Interpreting seismic amplitudes chapter 5 3d seismic. Seismic attribute analysis for reservoir characterization. Seismic data interpretation and evaluation for hydrocarbon exploration and production a practitioners guide. Jan 21, 2011 this display from the f3 block seismic data set, offshore netherlands, shows that the relationship between amplitude patterns and geology can be open to interpretation lucky for us.
Attributes for fluvial channel interpretation seg wiki. Pdf seismic amplitude calibration for quantitative interpretation. At this thickness, seismic amplitude is the amplitude of the interference from many amplitude so that some subsurface geological uniqueness is lost. During the last 30 years, seismic interpreters have routinely applied bright spot and avo technology for. The last part examines the numerous amplitude attributes that can be extracted from seismic to quantify an interpretation. All seismic amplitudes should be detuned before use amplitude detuning is a completely selfconsistent calculation and does not require well control 3d seismic detuning extends existing 2d map based detuning to detune seismic trace amplitudes in situ on a 3d or 2d relative impedance volume.
Pdf first steps in seismic interpretation khaled magdy. Focusing on the everyday problems facing the working interpreter, this book has a geological emphasis and is aimed especially to those new to interpretation. V density times acoustic velocity seismic reflection amplitude is proportional to the relative impedance contrast across a contact of two layers. Understanding this key concept is critical to effective seismic interpretation. During the last 30 years, seismic interpreters have routinely applied bright spot and avo technology for recognizing prospects and predicting lithology. Click download or read online button to get quantitative seismic interpretation book now. Seismic amplitude an interpreter s handbook the oil and gas industries now routinely use seismic amplitudes in exploration and production as they yield key information on lithology and fluid fill, enabling interpretation of reservoir quality and likelihood of hydrocarbon presence. Benefits and limitations of these attributes in soft to hardrock environments are discussed with model data and in case histories. Seismic amplitude interpretation, distinguished instructor short course.
However, seismic tuning effects are potentially much larger than amplitude variations due to geological changes. In addition, many combinations of these maps can be made, such as seismic amplitude plotted on top of structure. Seismic interpretation is the thoughtful procedure of separating these effects. This accessible, authoritative book provides a complete framework for seismic amplitude interpretation and analysis in a practical manner that allows easy application. This accessible yet authoritative book provides a complete framework for seismic amplitude interpretation and analysis, in a practical manner that allows easy. Structural interpretation of seismic data from seismic anomalies related to faulting from noise is challenging. In reflection seismology, a seismic attribute is a quantity extracted or derived from seismic data that can be analysed in order to enhance information that might be more subtle in a traditional seismic image, leading to a better geological or geophysical interpretation of the data.
Derisking seismic amplitude interpretation by 3d seismic. The use of seismic attributes to enhance fault interpretation. The data are available for free from the opendtect open seismic repository. The seismic wavelet starts as the pulse of seismic energy, which, generated by the energy source, travels down through the earth, is reflected and travels back up to the surface receivers carrying the geological information with it. The seismic attribute technique should allow us to increase ability of geological interpretation of a formation, particularly in the thin bed reservoir environments.
562 1070 160 389 206 1216 1543 1477 674 1440 157 1594 108 439 243 1474 113 1111 1062 258 311 239 1307 1011 1629 663 809 990 479 1575 699 450 577 1086 1006 464 1069 785 911 153 95 612 1463